|
An in-memory database (IMDB; also main memory database system or MMDB or memory resident database) is a database management system that primarily relies on main memory for computer data storage. It is contrasted with database management systems that employ a disk storage mechanism. Main memory databases are faster than disk-optimized databases since the internal optimization algorithms are simpler and execute fewer CPU instructions. Accessing data in memory eliminates seek time when querying the data, which provides faster and more predictable performance than disk.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/in-memory-database )〕 Applications where response time is critical, such as those running telecommunications network equipment and mobile advertising networks, often use main-memory databases. IMDBs have gained a lot of traction, especially in the data analytics space, starting in the mid-2000s - mainly due to less expensive RAM.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://blogs.sap.com/innovation/big-data/ram-prices-drive-in-memory-surge-020097 )〕 With the introduction of non-volatile random access memory technology, in-memory databases will be able to run at full speed and maintain data in the event of power failure.〔Whole-system Persistence with Non-volatile Memories http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=160853〕〔The Bleak Future of NAND Flash Memory http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=162804〕〔Using NVDIMM as Storage, In-Memory Database Gains Durability & Keeps High Performance http://low-latency.com/article/using-nvdimm-storage-memory-database-gains-durability-keeps-high-performance〕 ==ACID support== In its simplest form, main memory databases store data on volatile memory devices. These devices lose all stored information when the device loses power or is reset. In this case, IMDBs can be said to lack support for the "durability" portion of the ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) properties. Volatile memory-based IMDBs can, and often do, support the other three ACID properties of atomicity, consistency and isolation. Many IMDBs have added durability via the following mechanisms: * Snapshot files, or, checkpoint images, which record the state of the database at a given moment in time. The system typically generates these periodically, or at least when the IMDB does a controlled shut-down. While they give a measure of persistence to the data (in that the database does not lose everything in the case of a system crash) they only offer partial durability (as 'recent" changes will be lost). For full durability, they need supplementing with one of the following: * Transaction logging, which records changes to the database in a journal file and facilitates automatic recovery of an in-memory database. * Non-Volatile DIMM (NVDIMM), a memory module that has a DRAM interface, often combined with NAND flash for the Non-Volatile data security. The first NVDIMM solutions were designed with supercapacitors instead of batteries for the backup power source. With this storage, IMDB can resume securely from its state upon reboot. * Non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), usually in the form of static RAM backed up with battery power (battery RAM), or an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM). With this storage, the re-booting IMDB system can recover the data store from its last consistent state. * High availability implementations that rely on database replication, with automatic failover to an identical standby database in the event of primary database failure. To protect against loss of data in the case of a complete system crash, replication of an IMDB is normally used in addition to one or more of the mechanisms listed above. Some IMDBs allow the database schema to specify different durability requirements for selected areas of the database - thus, faster-changing data that can easily be regenerated or that has no meaning after a system shut-down would not need to be journaled for durability (though it would have to be replicated for high availability), whereas configuration information would be flagged as needing preservation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「In-memory database」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|